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Recovery of Financial and Operational Debt through Insolvency

  • Drafting of Insolvency Petition
  • Filing of your matter with NCLT
  • Appearances by Advocates and pleadings for the same
  • Final Order from the NCLT
  • Recovery of Financial and Operational Debt from the Debtors
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Recovery of Financial & Operational Debt under IBC

Recovery of Financial & Operational Debt under IBC

Winding up and Liquidation of the Companies

Winding up and Liquidation of the Companies

Insolvency Resolution Professional/ Resolution Professional

Insolvency Resolution Professional/ Resolution Professional

There are Lakhs of aggrieved persons viz Financial and Operational Creditors all over the Country whose payment is pending from the Debtors, Financial Institutions and the real-estate agencies and they have not paid the dues of the abovesaid aggrieved persons till date. After the action was taken, many aggrieved persons and the companies came out seeking solution for the same. As a result of which, the government of India has enacted the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, wherein it provides a chance to both the operational and the financial creditors to approach the NCLT and file the necessary application under Section 7 and Section 9 of the IBC for recovery of their unpaid debt.

 

Our Recovery of Debt Services are :-

  • Initiation of Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process by Financial Creditor : Section 7 of IBC
  • Application for initiation of corporate insolvency resolution process by operational creditor: Section 9 of IBC.
  • Summary Suit ( Order 37 of the Code of Civil Procedure Code, 1908)
  • Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 ( Cheque Bounce cases)

 

Eligible Criteria to file Recovery of Debt cases-

 

1.  In case of Initiation of Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process by Financial Creditor, the Financial Creditor should owe the financial debt and the debt should be legally assigned to him and transferred. The Term “Financial Creditor” includes Banks, Financial Institutions, Homebuyers, Enterprise, Corporate Entity or Company (Section 7 of the IBC).

 

According to Sub-section (1) of the Act, the Financial Creditor either by itself or jointly with other financial creditors may file an application for Initiating the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process against a corporate debtor when a default has occurred. The Adjudicating Authority shall within 14 days of the receipt of the application under sub-section (2), ascertain the existence of the default from the records of the information utility or on the basis of the evidence furnished by the financial creditor under sub-section (3).

Also, where the Adjudicating authority is satisfied that-

  • (a) A default has occurred and the application under sub-section (2) is complete, and there is no disciplinary proceedings pending against the proposed resolution professional, it may ,by order, admit such application; or
  • (b) Default has not occurred or the application under sub-section (2) is incomplete or any disciplinary proceeding is pending against the proposed resolution professional, it may by order, reject such application.

 

2.  In case of Initiation of Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process by the Operational Creditor, the Operational Creditor should owe the financial debt and the debt should be legally assigned to him and transferred. The term “Operational Creditor” includes Manfacturers, Traders, Employees (Section 9 of the IBC).

 

After the expiry of the period of 10 days from the date of delivery of the notice or the invoice demanding payment under (1) of section 8, if the operational creditor does not receive payment from the corporate debtor or the dispute under sub-
section (2) of section 8, the operational creditor may file an application before the adjudicating authority for initiating the Cirp process.

 

The Adjudicating authority shall within 14 days of the receipt of the application under sub-section (2), by an order-

  I) Admit the application and communicate such decision to the operational creditor and corporate debtor if,

  • The application made under sub-section (2) is complete.
  • There is no repayment of the unpaid operational debt.
  • The invoice or notice for payment to the corporate debtor has been delivered by the operational creditor.
  • No notice of dispute has been received by the operational creditor or there is no record of dispute in the information utility; and
  • There is no disciplinary proceedings pending against any resolution professional proposed under sub-section (4).

  II) Reject the Application and communicate such decision to the operational creditor and the corporate debtor, if-

  • The application made under sub-section (2) is incomplete.
  • There has been repayment of the unpaid operational debt.
  • The Creditor has not delivered the invoice or notice for payment to the corporate debtor.
  • Notice of dispute has been received by the operational creditor or there is a record in the information utility.
  • Any disciplinary proceeding is pending against any proposed resolution professional.

 

3.   In case of the Summary Suit under Order 37 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the Creditor shall file the Summary Suit in the respective courts having jurisdiction if there is a suit upon Bills of Exchange, Hundies and Promissory Notes.

 

Suits in which the plaintiff seeks only to recover a debt or liquidated demand in money payable by the defendant, with or without interest, arising:

  • On a Written Contract
  • On an Enactment, where the sum sought to be recovered is a fixed sum of money or in the nature of the debt other than a penalty; or
  • On a guarantee, where the claim against the principal is in respect of a debt or liquidated demand only.

 

4.  Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Cheque Bounce Recovery Case): If the customer delays the payment through cheque then the seller can file the suit against the customer under Section 138 of the Negotiable
Instruments Act, 1881.

 

Under Section 138, a legal notice is sent to the customer regarding the bouncing of the cheque and if he does not pay within 30 days, then the seller can file the suit against the customer under Section 138 of the NI Act regarding non-payment of the payment.

Document Required
Documents Required for Recovery of Financial and Operational Debt through Insolvency
  • Demand Notice (form 3 and form 4 – IBBI Rules)
  • Company’s Ledger Account
  • Copy of the Invoices showing proof of transactions between the two parties
  • Bank Statements of the Operational/ Financial Creditor
  • Affidavit by the Operational creditor Section 9 (3) (b) –IBBI Rules
  • Acknowledgement of Transaction between 2 parties
  • Copy of the Emails exchanged between 2 parties
  • Copy of the Legal Notice served by the Operational/ Financial Creditor
  • Affidavit – Bank Certificate – (Section 9 of IBBI Rules) ( Not Mandatory)
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Comparison between Section 7 and Section 9 of the IBC, Summary Suit (Order 37 of the Cpc, 1908) and Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

 

Comparison BasisSection 7 of IBCSection 9 of IBCSummary Suit (Order 37 of Cpc, 1908)Section 138 of NI Act, 1881
Claim AmountMinimum Amount is Rs. 1 lacMinimum Amount is Rs. 1 lacIt is prescribed as per the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.It is prescribed as per the NI Act, 1881.
Limitation PeriodIt is 3 years from the date when the debt has become due.It is 3 years from the date when the debt has become due.The limitation is prescribed as per the45 days is the time period for filing the case in the Concerned Court when the cheque has been bounced.
Total time-frame6 months (Approx.)6 months (Approx.)3-4 months (Approx.)6 months- 1 year (It can vary)
Type of Persons availing the ServicesHomebuyers, Financial Institutions, Banks etc. (They all are termed as Financial Creditors)Employees, Traders, Manfacturers (They all are termed as Financial Creditors)Manfacturers, Traders, Buisnessmen and any other person dealing in goods and services.Any person whose cheque has been bounced by the Bank due to insufficient funds on payment by the debtor.
Court Fees to be PaidRs. 25,000Rs. 2,000It is prescribed as per the Amount of claim.It is prescribed as per the Amount of claim.
Frequently Asked Questions on Recovery of Financial and Operational Debt through Insolvency
Who all can approach under Section 7 and Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016?

Banks, Financial Institutions, Homebuyers, Enterprise, Corporate Entity or Company can approach under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 for recovery of Money. And Manfacturers, Traders, Employees etc can approach under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 for recovery of Money.

What is the Course of Action once the Aggrieved Persons viz. Traders, Employees and Manfacturers serve the demand notice to the Debtors?

A time period of 10 days is given to the Debtors to settle/pay the disputed amount. When the debtors are unable to pay the disputed amount to the Creditors viz Traders, Employees or Manfacturers, then the Insolvency Petition against the abovesaid persons are filed in the respective NCLT in the state having jurisdiction over the matter under Section 9 of the IBC, 2016.

Also, no demand notice is served to the opposite party before filing the petition as a financial creditor under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2018.

What is the Court Fees which is required to be paid in case when the Insolvency petition is filed by the Financial Creditor under Section 7 and by the Operational Creditor under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016?

The Court Fees in case of Financial Creditor filing the Insolvency Petition is Rs. 25,000 ( which is mandatory) and in case of Operational Creditor it is Rs. 2,000.

What is the Minimum Amount of debt in which an Operational/ Financial Creditor can approach the NCLT under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016?

The Minimum Amount of debt in which an Operational/Financial Creditor can approach the NCLT under IBC, 2016 is Rs. 1,00,000.

What is the Limitation Period prescribed for filing the Insolvency Petition under Section 7 and Section 9 of the IBC, 2016?

The Limitation Period is of 3 years from the date when the debt has become due/payable from the debtor to either the Financial Creditor or the Operational Creditor. Also, in the matter of B.K Educational Services vs Parag Gupta and Associates, 2017, it has been held that the Limitation Act, 1963 will apply to applications made under Section 7 and Section 9 of IBC, 2016. It has been clarified through this Judgement that IBC proceedings cannot be initiated based on time-barred claims.

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